Cathy Lee

January 16, 2008

Mystics - Presentation

St. Catherine of Siena

            St. Catherine was born in Siena, Italy on March 25, 1347, the 23rd child.  Her twin sister died at birth.  She was born into a prosperous family with her father being a wool-dyer and her mother the daughter of a poet. 

            Catherine received no formal education, and at the age of four or seven (debate among writers) she saw a vision of Christ and consecrated her virginity to Christ despite her family's opposition.  She was believed to have seen a vision at a very early age of Christ seated in glory with Peter, Paul and John, and she saw visions and practiced extreme austerities..  She loved prayer and solitude and when she was with other children, she would teach them to do what gave her so much happiness.

             At age 12, her parents began to urge her to pay more attention to her appearance, with marriage in mind.  To please her mother and sisters, she would dress in bright gowns and jewels that were fashionable at the time with young girls, but she soon repented of this vanity, and declared quite finally that she would never marry.  Her parents persisted in finding her a husband so she cut off her hair that was her beauty so she would not look attractive.  As a punishment, she was made to do menial work in the household, and the family never allowed her to be alone, since she loved to be in solitude.  Catherine bore this with patience, and wrote in The Dialogue that god had shown her how to build in her soul a private cell where no tribulation could enter.  She dreamed of dressing up like a man to become a Dominican friar.

            Catherine's father at last came to realize, e that the pressure on her was useless and she was permitted to have a small, dimly lighted room set apart for her use, which was a cell nine feet by three.  She began a life of prayers and fasting, scourged herself three times daily with an iron chain, and slept on a board.  She first wore a hair shirt, later replacing it by an iron-spiked girdle.  Catherine obtained her desire with permission at age 16 to assume the black habit of the Sisters of Penance of St. Dominic. This order was normally only for matrons and widows.  Catherine increased her asceticism, eating and sleeping very little.  For three years, she spoke only to her confessor and never went out except to the church of St. Dominic where the pillar she leaned upon is still pointed out to visitors.

            She had visions, but at times, those visions would be loathsome forms and degrading forms that would come to her imagination.  There were also long periods of time that Catherine felt abandoned by God.  At one time she prayed to God, “O Lord, where wert Thou when my heart was so sorely vexed with foul and hateful temptations?”  to which she heard a voice saying to her, “Daughter, I was in thy hear, fortifying thee by grace,” and the voice said that God would now be with her more openly, for the period of probation was nearing an end. 

 

 

On Shrove Tuesday, 1366, Catherine was praying in her room when a vision, that she would later write in one of her letters as a “Mystical Marriage” with Christ, who appeared with his mother, Mary and heavenly host.  The Virgin Mary took her hand, held it up to Christ, who placed a ring upon it and espoused her to Himself, bidding her to be of good courage, she was now armed with faith that could overcome all temptations.  Catherine could see the ring, but it was invisible to others.  With this, her years of solitude ended and she began to serve in the community.  As a Dominican, she served as a nurse in the city hospital to those with the worse diseases. 

            Her “spiritual family” include many people who were well known in her day, including her own sister in law, a noble widow, the artist, Vanni who painted her portrait, and the English hermit, Father Sani, who abandoned his solitude to be near her, saying he felt more peace when he was near her than he found in his cell.  Catherine would read their thoughts and often knew their temptations when they were away from her.  Through all this, public opinion was divided, some thinking she was a saint while others called her a fanatic and a hypocrite.  At one time, charges were brought against Catherine, but they were disproved.

            When the plague broke out, Catherine nursed the people with joy, preparing them for death, burying them herself, and bringing many to conversion. Father Santi was one of those who contacted the disease and recovered.  She had great pity for those men who were condemned to die.  During one case, Catherine went to the scaffold with a young knight, sentenced to death for sedition against the government of Siena.  She later wrote of this incidence to Blessed Raymond of Capua, “I have just taken a head into my hands and have been moved so deeply that my heart cannot grasp it…I waited for him at the place of execution…he arrived like a meek lamb and when he saw me he began to smile.  He asked me to make the sign of the cross over him…I stretched out his neck and bent down to him, reminding him of the blood of the Lamb.  His lips kept murmuring only “Jesus” and “Catherine”, and he was still murmuring when I received his head into my hands…my soul rested in peace and quiet, so aware of the fragrance of blood that I could not remove the blood which had splashed onto me.”

 

She became known for settling disputes between people and in 1376, Catherine went to Avignon as ambassador to make peace with the Papal States, but did not succeed.  She tried to convince Pope Gregory XI to return to Rome, making such an impression on the Pope that despite opposition by the King of France and the Sacred College, he did return to Rome.  Catherine was sent by the Pope to Florence to settle disputes, but became involved in the politics of the city, where an attempt was made on her life.  She was disappointed in her escape, saying her sins had deprived her of the red rose of martyrdom.  Peace in Florence did come while she was there with the new Pope, Urban VI. Catherine returned to Siena where she wrote her book, “Dialogue.”  During the Great Schism between Clement VII, who was declared Pope in Avignon (France, Spain, Scotland, Naples), and  Pope Urban VI (Italy, England, Hungary) called her back to Rome so he could have her counsel, of which she once told him to control his temper. She wrote letters rebuking three Cardinals who were supporting the anti-pope, writing, “what made you do this?  You are flowers who shed no perfume, but stench that makes the whole world reek.”  (Can you imagine a woman writing such words to Cardinals of the Church?)  This was a remarkable position for a woman of her time.  She spent the rest of her life working for the reconciliation of Pope Urban VI with the Roman Republic, which happened in 1380, and for the reformation of the Church. She would be troubled by the Great Schism until her death.

 

            Her strength was leaving her and she was in great agony, which she begged her Divine Bridegroom to let her bear the sin of the world, and to receive her body for the unity of the Church, lasting three months.  Catherine died in Rome of a stroke on April 29, 1380 at the age of 33, the same age as Christ.  The people of Siena wished to have her body, but only her head is enshrined in St. Dominic’s Church.  A myth exists that that the people of Siena knew they could not get her whole body past Roman guards so they took her had placing it in a bag.  Stopped by the guards, they prayed to Catherine to help them because they knew Catherine would rather be in Siena. When they opened the bag to show the guards it no longer held her head, the bag was full of rose petals.  Once they got back to Siena, they opened the bag and her head was in the bag.  Because of this myth, Catherine is often seen holding a rose.

 

            Catherine, or Caetrina (my father called me that) called herself in her letters, was canonized in 1461 by Pope Pius II, and her feast day is observed not only by Catholics, but by the Lutherans too.  Pope Paul VI gave her the title of Doctor of the Church in 1970.  Catherine is a patron saint of firefighters and nurses.

 

 

Bibligraphy

 

Beasley-Topliffe, Keith, A Life of Total  Prayer: Selected Writings of Catherine of Siena, Upper Room Books, Nashville, 2000.

 

Bence, Kathy, Under Her Wings: Spiritual Guidance from Women Saints, Upper Room Books, Nashville.  2001

 

Oden, Amy, Ed.,  In Her Words: Women’s Writings in the History of Christian Thought, Abingdon Press, Nashville, 1994.

 

Internet