Examination One
March, 2008
Christian Movement.
Short Answers: (1 point each. All must be attempted.)
1.__________ What we call the invention of printing actually involved four separate technologies.
Name three of these. (Questions 1-3.)
2._________
3.__________.
4._________Printing made possible the recovery of the ____________during the renaissance by providing relatively cheap editions of many classical and patristic works.
5________ The editor of the Greek Ne w Testament that appeared in 1516 was ____________.
6._________Erasmus’ enchiridion militis Christiani stressed the importance of morality and the _____
in recovering the Christian spirit.
7__________Although urban piety in the time of the Reformation was often concerned with the fate of the soul after death; popular piety in the countryside was often more concerned with the affairs of ____________life.
8.___________People on pilgrimage to places where relics were displaced often expected to hear a good
____________at the shrine that they visited.
9.__________ Many of the most serious abuses in the medieval church had to do with ___________ as the Church sought to adjust to a rapidly changing European economy.
10.__________Although medieval ecclesiastical teaching required clergy to be ___________, many paid what amounted to a yearly tax on their “household” arrangements.
11.__________ Luther joined the ________________order in Erfurt.
12.__________Luther used a strange German term, _______________, (spelling does not count) to describe the attacks of depression and anxiety that dogged him all of his life.
13._________Henry VIII left the care of his son and heir, Edward VI, in the care of regents who were ____________in religion.
14._________The most noted early translator of the English New Testament was _______________. There are two names possible here, either would be given credit.
15______________. The medieval theologian and heretic (although never burned) who founded the Lollards was ________________.
16.______________The royal counselor, who failed to secure Henry’s divorce from Catherine, despite his own high ecclesiastical position, was Cardinal______________.
17.______________Among the most important acts of Henry VIII was the reformation of the English ___________so that they became more nurseries of national leadership and not simply schools for the education of clergy.
18.____________The name of John’s Calvin’s most important theological book was the ___________.
19.____________The city that John Knox, the reformer of Scotland, called the most perfect school of Christ was_____________.
20.___________The Reformation was always more popular in the _________where there was a strong middle class than among the peasants.
21.___________Urban reformers were often more concerned with the issue of______________than they were with the issues of pure doctrine than so occupied Luther and Melanchthon.
22.__________The key religious reformers in the cities were the __________priests who often had been hired simply to preach in the afternoon and who did not own a living.
23.____________The skilled musician who locked up the organ in his church was ______________.
24___________. One way to contrast the Reformed and the Evangelical tradition is to say that Luther taught sola scriptura and Zwingli and his followers insisted on _____________.
25.__________The German emperor who presided at the Diet of Worms was ______________.
26.__________If Luther was saved from sin and the judgment of a righteous God, Zwingli was delivered from the _____________.
27.____________. The Reformation in Germany began, at least traditionally, with the posting of the 95 theses. The Reformation in Zurich began with ________________.
28. ____________Charles V would have crushed Lutheran Germany but he had to fight the _______to the East and the French to the west.
29.___________Although a seminary course in church history naturally stressed the role of theology in the Reformation, a more secular approach to history might see it primarily as a _______________.
30.___________Most German Evangelical or Protestant princes declared themselves highest bishop and paid the clergy out of ______________.
31.__________ Luther’s confessors prescribed ______________as the best antidote to his self-absorption.
32__________The theme of the Babylonian Captivity of the Church was the church’s teaching on ______________.
33.__________The theme of the Address to the German Nobility was the right of the princes to correct the ________in the church.
34.__________Luther’s academic specialty was__________>
35.__________Luther’s close friend and collaborator was___________________.
36.__________The author of the Augsburg Confession was ____________________.
37.__________Luther wrote the ______________________after the Saxon Visitation, an administrative visit by officials of the state, revealed that most people in the Dukedom were almost totally ignorant of Christian teaching.
38___________The best selling work by Martin Luther was __________________.\
39.__________At the Leipzig Decade, Eck forced Luther to admit that he was not bound to either Popes or ___________>
40.__________The noted heretic, executed at Constance, with whom Luther was often compared.
41.__________The three primary emphases of Luther’s reformation were ___________,41, __________42, and _____________43.
42___________. Question is part of the question in 41
43___________.Question is part of the question in 41.
44.__________. After his trial at the Diet of Worms, ________________had Luther “kidnapped” and taken to the Wartburg for safe keeping.
45.__________. Luther’s wife was named __________________.
46.__________. In 1525, the______________ rebelled. Luther responded with a few sharply worded pamphlet that even his friends found extreme.
47.__________Luther’s passionate diatribes against the __________poisoned German politics until the 20th century,
48.__________The very capable physician and theologian, ______________, was executed by Calvin after he came to Geneva.
49._________.The patron saint of cats is_______________.
50.____________The answer to this question is “free point.”
Essays: (fifty points. You may do one question for fifty points or do two questions for 25 points each.
1. The Reformation and renaissance were a time when princes were often free to strut across the European stage as far as their power and prestige would allow and other people also used their personalities and wit to define their times. We have meet many of these people this semester, Luther, Henry VIII, Charles of Spain, Katherine Luther, Zwingli, and Calvin. Seldom has the biographer so much good material to work with. In a thoughtful essay, reflect on the interaction of biography and historical events in this exciting period.
2. In a short essay, trace Luther’s progress from his appointment at Wittenberg to his trial at the Diet of Worms. In your opinion (supported, of course, by information), was Luther pushed continually towards more radical positions by events or was his evolution more a matter of the logic of his ideas.
3. “The Bible is the religion of Protestants.” How did the Scriptures serve to free people to embrace the Protestant reformation? How did Protestants view the Holy Book? Although the great Reformation confessions declared that the Bible in Hebrew and Greek was the sole authority, what was the Bible or Bibles that most Protestants, people and ministers, knew. In what sense were the great Reformation bibles great examples of vernacular literature. What were Luther’s principles of translation?
4. How do you understand the development of religion under Henry VIII in England? How was it similar to the development of religion in Denmark and Sweden and the larger German principalities? Why was Reformation slower in a great Kingdom than in a small city or principality?
Hamlin wants to know whether anyone did any research on the place of cats in Reformation Europe and he is offering two points for a verified reference to a major Reformer or reformation ruler who owned or was pictured with a cat. A webpage with a noted ruler, complete with cat, would be ideal.